Introduction

Every year on the 1st of May, the world celebrates Labour Day, also known as International Workers’ Day or May Day. It’s more than just a public holiday; it is a tribute to the efforts, sacrifices, and achievements of workers around the globe. But where did it all begin? Why do we celebrate Labour Day, and what’s the history behind it? Let’s dive into the story.

The Origins of Labour Day

The roots of Labour Day trace back to the labour union movement in the late 19th century, particularly in the United States. During the Industrial Revolution, workers were subjected to inhuman working conditions — long hours, low wages, and unsafe environments.

In response, a movement started growing in the U.S. demanding “Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, and eight hours for what we will.”

The Haymarket Affair – The Turning Point

The key event that led to the establishment of Labour Day was the Haymarket Affair in Chicago in May 1886.

• On May 1st, 1886, over 300,000 workers across the U.S. went on strike demanding an 8-hour workday.
• On May 4th, a peaceful rally in Haymarket Square turned violent when an unknown person threw a bomb at the police.
• The explosion and the resulting gunfire killed several police officers and civilians.
• In the aftermath, 8 anarchists were arrested, and 4 were executed, though the evidence was weak.

This event shocked the world but also sparked international support for labour rights.

Global Recognition

Inspired by the bravery of the American workers and the injustice they suffered, the International Socialist Congress in 1889 declared May 1st as International Workers’ Day. Since then, many countries have adopted 1st May as a day to:

• Honour the labour force
• Advocate for workers’ rights
• Reflect on labour history
• Celebrate union movements

Labour Day Around the World

While May 1st is the chosen date in most countries, some nations like the United States and Canada observe Labour Day in September. Regardless of the date, the spirit remains the same — acknowledging the contribution of workers in building societies, economies, and nations.

Modern-Day Relevance

Today, although conditions have improved in many places, workers in several parts of the world still face challenges like:

• Low wages
• Unsafe workplaces
• Exploitation
• Lack of job security

Labour Day remains a symbol of resistance and hope. It reminds us to keep pushing for equality, dignity, and justice in every workspace.

Conclusion

Labour Day is not just about a day off from work. It is a day of remembrance, respect, and resolve — remembering the sacrifices of the past, respecting those who labour every day, and resolving to create fairer working conditions for all.

Let us continue to honour the working class and stand in solidarity with every labourer who shapes our world.